Sensibilidade da melancia ao residual de herbicidas pré-emergentes aplicados na cultura da soja

The long-lasting residual effect of herbicides depends on the soil and molecule characteristics; however, the bioactivity of the herbicide can cause damage to the crop in rotation/succession. The most common way to identify the presence of herbicides in the soil is by the implantation of bioassays that uses a susceptible species to herbicidal molecules as an indicator of residues. The aim was to identify the sensitivity of watermelon as bioindicator to the pre-emergence herbicide residue used in soybean cultivation. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse, in 3 L pots, in a randomized block design, with four replicates, in a factorial scheme of 3x4+1, where factor A was the herbicides diclosulam, [imazapyr + imazapic], and metribuzin, and factor B the doses of commercial products [1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D and D (recommended label dose)] plus control treatment. Four watermelon seeds were sown in soil per pot after herbicide application. The variables were analyzed 30 days after the emergence of the plants: shoot length (cm), length (cm), root volume (mL), shoot dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). Watermelon seeds did not germinate in the treatments with sub-doses of the herbicides diclosulam and metribuzin, and the growth was reduced in the sub-doses of the herbicide [imazapyr + imazapic], showing the sensitivity of this species. The herbicides studied adequately exerted control in watermelon bioindicator plants. Watermelon has sensitivity to the herbicides diclosulam, metribuzin and the commercial mixture of the herbicides [imazapyr + imazapic], with the potential to indicate the residue of these herbicides in clayey soil.O efeito residual duradouro de alguns herbicidas depende das características do solo e das moléculas, entretanto, a bioatividade do herbicida pode causar danos nas culturas em rotação/sucessão. A maneira mais comum de identificar a presença de herbicidas no solo, é pela implementação de bioensaios que utilizam uma espécie potencialmente sensível às moléculas herbicidas como indicador deste resíduo no solo. O objetivo foi identificar a sensibilidade da melancia como bioindicadora à resíduos de herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados na cultura da soja. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 3 L, em delineamento por blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de 3x4+1, onde o fator A foram os herbicidas diclosulam, [imazapyr + imazapic] e metribuzin, e o fator B as doses dos produtos comerciais [1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D e D (dose recomendada em bula)] e mais o tratamento controle. Foram semeadas quatro sementes de melancia por vaso, contendo solo argiloso, após a aplicação dos herbicidas. As variáveis analisadas 30 dias após a emergência das plantas foram comprimento de parte aérea (cm), comprimento (cm), volume de raiz (mL), massa seca da parte aérea (g) e massa seca de raiz (g). Verificou-se que a melancia não germinou nos tratamentos com subdoses dos herbicidas diclosulam e metribuzin, e o crescimento reduziu nas subdoses do herbicida [imazapyr + imazapic]. Os resíduos de herbicidas estudados exerceram controle das plantas bioindicadora. Melancia possui sensibilidade aos herbicidas diclosulam, metribuzin e à mistura comercial dos herbicidas [imazapyr + imazapic], possuindo potencial para indicar resíduo destes herbicidas em solo argiloso

IMPACTO DE VARIÁVEIS CONGNITIVAS E CONTEXTUAIS SOBRE O SUCESSO ACADÊMICO E O BEM ESTAR NA UNIVERSIDADE – QUE FAZER? QUE DEIXAR DE FAZER?

Este estudo parte de uma investigação longitudinal (2019-2022) mais ampla, vinculada ao Grupo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Educação, Psicopedagogia e Psicologia Escolar, UFAM/CNPq, PROCAD/AMAZÔNIA-PPGEUFAM/UFPA/UFMT, Processo CAPES 8881.314288/2019-0, articula-se metodológica e teoricamente com interfaces entre a psicologia escolar, psicologia educacional, pedagogia do ensino superior e educação escolar. Atua no sentido de entender os efeitos de variáveis cognitivas e contextuais sobre o sucesso acadêmico e o bem estar na universidade. A metodologia para coleta de dados é a aplicação de caderno de instrumentos próprios com apoio do Googleodocs, a amostra atual é de n=1112 estudantes de diferentes países (Brasil, México, República Dominicana, Bolívia, Moçambique, Angola, Venezuela, Colômbia, Espanha e Portugal), do sexo masculino e feminino, idade entre 18 e 54 anos e de 51 universidades públicas e privadas que colaboram com a iniciativa. Os dados são analisados com auxílio do Excel e SPSS, de acordo com os interesses dos pesquisadores e objetivos da investigação. Os resultados atuais demonstram a importância da pesquisa sobre os temas abordados pela iniciativa considerando o impacto das variáveis estudadas sobre o rendimento acadêmico e bom estar tanto de estudantes como de docentes e técnicos no ensino superior. Foram identificadas diferenças de países, renda, etnia, gênero e renda. No caso dos docentes e técnicos verificamos evidências da exaustão feminina. Os resultados podem apoiar a administração geral e coordenação educativa e psicopedagógica universitária em sentido amplo, visando a melhoria dos indicadores de sucesso acadêmico e bem estar, por meio da proposição de novas políticas e gestão da educação superior. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa em educação, Ensino superior, Rendimento acadêmico, Bem estar. Políticas de gestão da educação superior. Educação comparada.   IMPACT OF COGNITIVE AND CONTEXTUAL VARIABLES ABOUT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND  WELLBEING IN THE UNIVERSITY. Whato to do? Qhato not to do?   Abstract: This study, part of a further longitudinal investigation (2019-2022), attached to a multidisciplinary group of Educational Research  Scholar Psychotherapy and Psychology, UFAM/CNPq, PROCAD/AMAZONIA-PPGEUFAM/UFPA/UFMT, CAPES process 8881.314288/2019-0, it is articulated methodological and theoretically with interfaces between the scholar and educational psychology, upper and scholar education pedagogy. It acts in the direction of understanding 5he effects og cognitive and contextual variables about the academic achievement and wellness in the university. The methodology to data collection is the application of own instrument cards with the support of Googledocs, the actual sample is quantity of n=1112 students from 51 private and public universities of different countries (Brazil, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Mozambique, Angola, Venezuela, Colombia, Spain and Portugal), from both male and female genders, aging between 18 and 54 years-old. The data were analyzed with the support of software Excel and SPSS, according to the interests of researchers and investigation focus. The actual results show the importance of the research about the themes cited in the initiative considering the impacts of the studied variables over the academic performance and wellness of the students as the teachers and technicians from upper education. There were found differences between countries, income, ethnic and gender. In the cases of the teachers and technicians it was found evidences of female exhaustion. The results could support the general administration, educative and psychopedagogy coordination and in a wide range, looking forward the better successful academic indicators and wellness, through the proposition of new policies and management of upper education. Keywords: Educational Reserch, upper educatión, academic performance, wellness, upper educaciton mangement policies, compared education. &nbsp

Ingestive behavior of sheep fed Brazil nut cake in the diet.

This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep when fed a corn-silage-based diet with varying levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 60%) of Brazil nut cake (NC) (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.). Sixteen mongrel sheep with an average weight of 33 ± 6.04 kg were randomly distributed between four treatments. Data were tested for assumptions of normality, subjected to an analysis of variance, and adjusted in regression equations and by Williams’ test, to estimate the W point. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM) and insoluble neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased linearly (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002) by 5.0 g and 2.41 g d-1, respectively, for every 1% of NC added to the diet. The time the animals spent feeding (288.75 min d-1) was not significantly affected; time spent idle increased linearly (P= 0.0002) by 3.10 min, and time spent during rumination decreased linearly by 2.62 min (P = 0.001) for each 1% addition of the co-product. The number of ruminated boluses (NRB) displayed a decreasing effect (P = 0.004) of 4.61 d-1 for each 1% of NC. For ruminating chews, the time spent per bolus (37.5 sec) and the number per bolus (56.14) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. However, the total chewing time (TCT) decreased linearly (P = 0.002) by 0.05 h d-1 and the number of chews per day displayed a quadratic effect (P = 0.008), with a maximum value estimated at 17.5% of NC in the diet. Rumination efficiency did not differ between the treatments (101.95 g DM h-1 and 36.76 g NDF h-1). The feeding efficiency (FE) had a linear reduction (P = 0.045) of 0.42 g NDF h-1, but was similar for g DM h-1 (172.5). The daily intake of DM and NDF showed W points estimated at 51.96% and 30.67% NC, respectively. The variables NRB, TCT, and FE (g NDF h-1) had W points estimated at 56.64%, 56.19%, and 56.33% NC, respectively. The Brazil nut cake, when present at levels greater than 56% of the diet’s DM, affects the ingestive behavior of the animals, particularly rumination-related variables, and at levels of 30.67%, it begins to affect the consumption of NDF, primarily due to the ether extract content and the diet’s fiber source

Comportamento alimentar de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo farelo de dendê (Elaeis guineensis)

In order to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep fed with diets containing different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) substituted for corn silage, a metabolic assay was performed on 20 ewes (5 treatments × 4 replicates) over 25 d. The animals received corn silage diets with the addition of increasing levels of PKM (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%). The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter (DM) intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, feeding time, rumination time, idle time, number of merycism mastications per bolus, time spent ruminating each bolus, DM and NDF per bolus, number of ruminated boluses per day, feeding and rumination efficiency, total chewing time, and number of merycism mastications per day. The daily intake of both DM and NDF increased linearly (P < 0.05), and when sheep were fed diets of at least 43.18 and 39.15% PKM, respectively, the consumption values were significantly different than when sheep were fed diets with 0% PKM (P < 0.05). In contrast, feeding time declined linearly, and in response to diets with at least 28.05% PKM, the sheep exhibited significantly different feeding times from those of sheep fed 0% PKM, with a reduction of 0.0613 percentage points per 1% increase in PKM. Idle time, rumination time, and rumination time per bolus each exhibited quadratic responses (P < 0.05), and the minimum rumination time per bolus was 44.37 s with 35.19% PKM. A quadratic response was also observed for total chewing time and both measures of merycism mastications (P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the inclusion of PKM in the diets of sheep improves some parameters of feeding behavior, and the use of PKM is recommended at DM percentages of up to 40%.Para avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de farelo de dendê em substituição à silagem de milho, realizou-se ensaio metabólico, com 20 ovinos fêmeas, cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, durante 25 dias. Os animais receberam dieta com silagem de milho (SM) e níveis crescentes de inclusão (0%, 15%, 30%, 45 e 60%) de farelo de dendê (FD). Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e de fibra detergente neutra (CFDN), tempo em alimentação (TAL), ruminação (TRU) e ócio (TOC), número de mastigações merícicas por bolo (NMM/ bolo), tempo despendido para ruminação de cada bolo (TR/bolo), gramas de MS e FDN por bolo, número de bolos ruminados por dia (NBR/dia), eficiências de ingestão e ruminação, em g MS/hora e g FDN/hora, tempo de mastigação total (TMT), em h/dia, e número de mastigações merícicas por dia (NMM/dia). Os CMS e CFDN aumentaram linearmente (P < 0,05), sendo que a partir de 43,18% e 39,15%, respectivamente, de inclusão de FD na dieta, os valores de consumo diferiram (P < 0,05) do tratamento com 0% de inclusão. O TAL reduziu linearmente (P < 0,05), sendo que a partir de 28,05% de inclusão do subproduto, diferiu do tratamento com 0%, com redução de 0.0613 unidades percentuais, a cada 1% de inclusão de FD. O TOC e TRU apresentaram efeito quadrático (P < 0,05). O TR/bolo, em segundos, apresentou comportamento quadrático e o valor mínimo foi de 44,37 segundos, no nível de 35,19% de FD. Observou-se efeito (P < 0,05) quadrático para do TMT e MM, em todas as formas que foram expressas. A inclusão de FD na dieta melhora alguns parâmetros do comportamento ingestivo, sendo recomendada sua utilização até o nível de 40% na dieta

Feeding behavior of sheep fed diets with Elaeis guineensis palm kernel meal.

Para avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de farelo de dendê em substituição à silagem de milho, realizou-se ensaio metabólico, com 20 ovinos fêmeas, cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, durante 25 dias. Os animais receberam dieta com silagem de milho (SM) e níveis crescentes de inclusão (0%, 15%, 30%, 45 e 60%) de farelo de dendê (FD). Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e de fibra detergente neutra (CFDN), tempo em alimentação (TAL), ruminação (TRU) e ócio (TOC), número de mastigações merícicas por bolo (NMM/bolo), tempo despendido para ruminação de cada bolo (TR/bolo), gramas de MS e FDN por bolo, número de bolos ruminados por dia (NBR/dia), eficiências de ingestão e ruminação, em g MS/hora e g FDN/hora, tempo de mastigação total (TMT), em h/dia, e número de mastigações merícicas por dia (NMM/dia). Os CMS e CFDN aumentaram linearmente (P<0,05), sendo que a partir de 43,18% e 39,15%, respectivamente, de inclusão de FD na dieta, os valores de consumo diferiram (P<0,05) do tratamento com 0% de inclusão. O TAL reduziu linearmente (P<0,05), sendo que a partir de 28,05% de inclusão do subproduto, diferiu do tratamento com 0%, com redução de 0.0613 unidades percentuais, a cada 1% de inclusão de FD. O TOC e TRU apresentaram efeito quadrático (P<0,05). O TR/bolo, em segundos, apresentou comportamento quadrático e o valor mínimo foi de 44,37 segundos, no nível de 35,19% de FD. Observou-se efeito (P<0,05) quadrático para do TMT e MM, em todas as formas que foram expressas. A inclusão de FD na dieta melhora alguns parâmetros do comportamento ingestivo, sendo recomendada sua utilização até o nível de 40% na dieta.Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T23:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 231891219541PB.pdf: 249190 bytes, checksum: c0798188904090699fd2f5bf58b0c8ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-21bitstream/item/169486/1/23189-121954-1-PB.pd

Predictive Score for Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Sepsis: Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study

A clinical–epidemiological score to predict CR-GNB sepsis to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy (EAT), using local data, persists as an unmet need. On the basis of a case–case–control design in a prospective cohort study, the predictive factors for CR-GNB sepsis were previously determined as prior infection, use of mechanical ventilation and carbapenem, and length of hospital stay. In this study, each factor was scored according to the logistic regression coefficients, and the ROC curve analysis determined its accuracy in predicting CR-GNB sepsis in the entire cohort. Among the total of 629 admissions followed by 7797 patient-days, 329 single or recurrent episodes of SIRS/sepsis were enrolled, from August 2015 to March 2017. At least one species of CR-GNB was identified as the etiology in 108 (33%) episodes, and 221 were classified as the control group. The cutoff point of ≥3 (maximum of 4) had the best sensitivity/specificity, while ≤1 showed excellent sensitivity to exclude CR-GNB sepsis. The area under the curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85) and the number needed to treat was 2.0. The score may improve CR-GNB coverage and spare polymyxins with 22% (95% CI: 17–28%) adequacy rate change. The score has a good ability to predict CR-GNB sepsis and to guide EAT in the future

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved